鱼皮画是黑龙江赫哲族独有的传统民间工艺，区别于常见的剪纸、版画、年画等平面艺术，它以大马哈鱼、鳇鱼、鲤鱼等淡水鱼与洄游鱼的鱼皮为原材料，经软化、去鳞、鞣制、染色、剪裁、粘贴等多道工序制作而成，是北方渔猎民族文化的独特视觉载体。赫哲人早年以鱼皮制衣、制靴、制荷包，鱼皮画正是从鱼皮服饰的装饰纹样发展演变而来，传统题材多为渔猎劳作场景、萨满神图腾与江河山林生灵，风格粗犷质朴，带着浓郁的寒地渔猎文化气息。
Fish skin painting is a unique traditional folk craft of the Hezhe people in Heilongjiang. Different from common graphic arts such as paper-cut, printmaking and New Year paintings, it uses fish skins of freshwater and migratory fish such as salmon, sturgeon and carp as raw materials, and is made through multiple processes including softening, scaling, tanning, dyeing, cutting and pasting. It is a unique visual carrier of northern fishing and hunting ethnic culture. In early years, the Hezhe people made clothes, boots and pouches from fish skin, and fish skin painting evolved from the decorative patterns of fish skin clothing. Traditional themes mostly include fishing and hunting work scenes, shaman totems and creatures in rivers, forests and mountains, with a rough and simple style and strong cold-region fishing and hunting cultural charm.
鱼皮画的制作讲究 “因材施艺”，匠人需根据不同鱼皮的天然纹理、厚度与色泽设计图案，无需额外颜料打底，完全依托鱼皮本身的质感与色差呈现画面层次。由于赫哲族人口基数较小，且传统渔猎生活方式逐渐变迁，掌握完整鱼皮画鞣制与制作技艺的传承人数量极少，这项工艺曾一度濒临失传。如今它仅作为小众非遗项目被保护性传承，作品多收藏于民族博物馆与地方文化馆，普通大众很少有机会接触到这项独具特色的北方渔猎工艺。
The production of fish skin painting emphasizes “adapting techniques to materials”. Craftsmen need to design patterns according to the natural texture, thickness and color of different fish skins, without additional pigment base, and rely entirely on the texture and color difference of the fish skin itself to present the picture layers. Due to the small population base of the Hezhe people and the gradual change of traditional fishing and hunting lifestyle, there are very few inheritors who master the complete tanning and production techniques of fish skin painting, and this craft was once on the verge of extinction. Today, it is only inherited protectively as a niche intangible cultural heritage project, and most works are collected in ethnic museums and local cultural centers. The general public rarely has the opportunity to access this unique northern fishing and hunting craft.