陇东春官说春习俗 | Longdong Spring Official Spring-announcing Custom


春官说春是甘肃陇东地区独有的传统农耕民俗,主要流传于平凉、庆阳等地的偏远山村,区别于大众熟知的社火、庙会等聚集性年节活动,它是一种流动式的报春祈福仪式,至今已有上千年的传承历史。每年立春前后,被称为 “春官” 的民间艺人会身着传统长衫,手持木刻春牛图与红纸春帖,走村串户登门送春,每到一户便说唱合辙押韵的春词,报知来年农时节令与农事宜忌,为主家祈求五谷丰登、阖家顺遂。
The Spring Official Spring-announcing custom is a unique traditional farming folk custom in the Longdong area of Gansu, mainly prevalent in remote mountain villages of Pingliang and Qingyang. Different from well-known gathered festival activities such as shehuo parades and temple fairs, it is an itinerant spring-reporting blessing ceremony with a heritage history of over a thousand years. Around the Start of Spring every year, folk artists known as “Spring Officials” wear traditional long gowns, hold wood-printed spring ox pictures and red paper spring notes, and go from village to village to deliver spring blessings. At each household, they chant rhyming spring verses, inform the family of the farming seasons and agricultural taboos for the coming year, and pray for abundant harvests and family well-being.
说春的唱词古朴通俗,多为七言韵句,内容融合二十四节气农事知识与吉祥祝语,春官还会根据农户、商户、手艺人等不同人家的身份即兴编词,灵活生动。仪式结束后,主家会回赠米面、零钱或年食作为酬谢。随着现代历法普及与信息传播发展,传统说春的生存空间逐渐萎缩,如今仅少数高龄春官还在坚持走乡串户,这项习俗仅在陇东深山村落零星传承,外界鲜有深入了解,是西北农耕民俗中极为小众的活态文化遗存。
The lyrics of spring announcing are simple and rustic, mostly seven-character rhyming lines, integrating farming knowledge of the 24 solar terms and auspicious wishes. Spring Officials also improvise verses according to the identities of different households such as farmers, merchants and craftsmen, making it flexible and vivid. After the ceremony, the host will repay with rice, flour, change or New Year food as a reward. With the popularization of modern calendars and the development of information dissemination, the living space of traditional spring announcing has gradually shrunk. Today, only a few elderly Spring Officials still insist on traveling from village to village. This custom is only sporadically inherited in deep mountain villages of Longdong, with little in-depth understanding from the outside world, making it a very niche living cultural heritage among northwest farming folk customs.

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