
谥册是中国古代帝王与高阶贵族丧葬仪式中的专属玉制文书,属于古代玉器文物中极为冷僻的礼制门类,区别于大众熟知的玉璧、玉琮、玉佩饰等礼仪或装饰玉器,它是用于镌刻谥号、祭文的玉制册书,是古代谥法制度与丧葬礼仪的核心实物见证。唐代青玉谥册多选用优质和田青玉为料,将玉料切割成长条形玉片,以金丝或银丝编缀成册,玉片正面阴刻楷书谥文,字体工整庄重,玉质温润莹洁,等级规格极高。
The posthumous title album is an exclusive jade document for the funeral ceremonies of emperors and high-ranking nobles in ancient China, and an extremely obscure ritual category among ancient jade cultural relics. Different from well-known ritual or decorative jade artifacts such as jade bi, jade cong and jade pendants, it is a jade album for engraving posthumous titles and funeral orations, serving as core physical evidence of the ancient posthumous title system and funeral etiquette. Most Tang Dynasty green jade posthumous title albums are made of high-quality Hetian green jade. The jade is cut into long strips and compiled into an album with gold or silver threads. The front of the jade strips is engraved with regular script posthumous texts in intaglio, with neat and solemn characters and warm and lustrous jade texture, featuring extremely high hierarchical specifications.
这类谥册多出土于唐代帝陵与高阶贵族墓葬中,墓主多为皇帝、皇后与一品以上官员,是身份等级与丧葬礼制的具象象征。由于玉质脆薄且长期埋藏易受沁蚀,完整保存至今的唐代青玉谥册数量极为稀少,且多数残损不全。目前它们大多收藏于帝陵博物馆与地方考古机构库房,极少在大众常设展览中展出,公众对古代玉制礼器的认知多集中于祭祀与装饰类玉器,对谥册这类丧葬文书类玉器几乎没有了解,是古代玉器文物中十分冷门的门类。
Such posthumous title albums are mostly unearthed from Tang Dynasty imperial mausoleums and high-ranking noble tombs, whose owners were mostly emperors, empresses and officials above the first rank, serving as a tangible symbol of social status and funeral etiquette. Due to the brittle and thin jade texture and easy erosion from long-term burial, very few Tang Dynasty green jade posthumous title albums have been completely preserved to this day, and most are incomplete. At present, most of them are collected in imperial mausoleum museums and local archaeological institution warehouses, and rarely exhibited in public permanent exhibitions. The public’s understanding of ancient jade ritual vessels mostly focuses on sacrificial and decorative jades, with almost no knowledge of funeral document jades such as posthumous title albums, making it a very obscure category of ancient jade cultural relics.
